German Battleship Bismarck in World War II

Bismarck was the first of two Bismarck-class battleships that were ordered for the Kriegsmarine in the years prior to World War II. Built by Blohm and Voss, the battleship mounted a main battery of eight 15 guns and was capable of a top speed of over 30 knots. Quickly identified as a threat by the Royal Navy, efforts to track Bismarck were underway after its commissioning in August 1940. Ordered on its first mission into the Atlantic the following year, Bismarck won a victory over HMS Hood at the Battle of the Denmark Strait, but soon came under a combined attack by British ships and aircraft. Damaged by an aerial torpedo, Bismarck was sunk by British surface ships on May 27, 1941. Design In 1932, German naval leaders requested a series of battleship designs intended to fit within the 35,000 ton limit imposed on leading maritime nations by the Washington Naval Treaty.  Initial work began on what became the Bismarck-class the following year and initially centered around an armament of eight 13 guns and a top speed of 30 knots. In 1935, the signing of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement accelerated German efforts as it allowed the Kriegsmarine to build up to 35% of the total tonnage of the Royal Navy. Additionally, it bound the Kriegsmarine to the Washington Naval Treaty tonnage restrictions. Increasingly concerned about Frances naval expansion, German designers sought to create a new type of battleship that would out-class the newer French vessels. Design work moved forward with debates ensuing over the caliber of the main battery, type of propulsion system, and thickness of the armor.  These were further complicated in 1937 with the departure of Japan from the treaty system and implementation of an escalator clause that increased the tonnage limit to 45,000 tons. When German designers learned that the new French Richelieu-class would mount 15 guns, the decision was made use similar weapons in four two-gun turrets. This battery was supplemented by a secondary battery of twelve 5.9 (150 mm) guns. Several means of propulsion were considered including turbo-electric, diesel geared, and steam drives. After assessing each, turbo-electric drive was initially favored as it had proven effective aboard the American Lexington-class aircraft carriers. Construction As construction moved forward, the new class propulsion came to be  geared turbine engines turning three propellers. For protection, the new class mounted an armor belt ranging in thickness from 8.7 to 12.6. This area of the ship was further protected by 8.7 armored, transverse bulkheads. Elsewhere, armor for the conning tower was 14 on the sides and 7.9 on the roof. The armor scheme reflected the German approach of maximizing protection while maintaining stability. Ordered under the name  Ersatz Hannover, the lead ship of the new class, Bismarck, was laid down at Blohm Voss in Hamburg on July 1, 1936. The first name served as an indication that the new vessel was replacing the old pre-dreadnought Hannover. Sliding down the ways on February 14, 1939, the new battleship was sponsored by  Dorothee von Là ¶wenfeld, granddaughter of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Bismarck would be followed a second battleship of its class, Tirpitz, in 1941. Fast Facts: Battleship Bismarck General Nation: Nazi GermanyType: BattleshipShipyard: Blohm Voss, HamburgLaid Down: July 1, 1936Launched: February 14, 1939Commissioned: August 24, 1940Fate: Sunk in action, May 27, 1941 Specifications Displacement: 45,451 tonnesLength: 450.5mBeam (Width): 36mDraft:: 9.3-10.2mPropulsion: 12 High-pressure Wagner boilers powering 3 Blohm Voss geared turbines at 150,170 horsepowerSpeed: 30.8 knotsRange: 8,525 nautical miles at 19 knots, 4,500 nautical miles at 28 knotsComplement: 2,092: 103 officers, 1,989 enlisted Armament Guns 8Ãâ€"380 mm/L48.5 SK-C/34 (4 turrets with 2 guns each)12Ãâ€"150 mm/L55 SK-C/2816Ãâ€"105 mm/L65 SK-C/37 / SK-C/3316Ãâ€"37 mm/L83 SK-C/3012Ãâ€"20 mm/L65 MG C/30 (Single)8Ãâ€"20 mm/L65 MG C/38 (Quadruple) Aircraft 4Ãâ€" Arado Ar 196 A-3 seaplanes, using 1 double-ended catapult Early Career Commissioned in August 1940, with Captain  Ernst Lindemann in command, Bismarck departed Hamburg to conduct sea trials in Kiel Bay.  Testing of the ships armament, power plant, and seakeeping abilities continued through the fall in the relative safety of the Baltic Sea. Arriving at Hamburg in December, the battleship entered the yard for repairs and alterations. Though scheduled to return to Kiel in January, a wreck in the Kiel Canal prevented this from occurring until March. Finally reaching the Baltic, Bismarck resumed training operations. With World War II underway, the German Kriegsmarine envisioned using Bismarck as a raider to attack British convoys in the North Atlantic. With its 15 guns, the battleship would be able to strike from a distance, inflicting maximum damage while placing itself at minimal risk. Bismarck, photographed from Prinz Eugen, in the Baltic at the outset of Operation Rheinà ¼bung, May 1941. Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1989-012-03 / Lagemann / CC-BY-SA 3.0 The battleships first mission in this role was dubbed Operation Rheinà ¼bung (Exercise Rhine) and proceeded under the command of  Vice Admiral Gà ¼nter Là ¼tjens. Sailing in tandem with the cruiser Prinz Eugen, Bismarck departed Norway on May 22, 1941, and headed towards the shipping lanes. Aware of Bismarcks departure, the Royal Navy had begun moving ships to intercept. Steering north and west, Bismarck headed for the Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland. Battle of the Denmark Straight Entering the strait, Bismarck was detected by the cruisers HMS Norfolk and HMS Suffolk which called for reinforcements. Responding were the battleship HMS Prince of Wales and the battlecruiser HMS Hood. The two intercepted the Germans at the south end of the strait on the morning of May 24. Less than 10 minutes after the ships opened fire, Hood was struck in one of its magazines causing an explosion that blew the ship in half. Unable to take on both German ships alone, Prince of Wales broke off the fight. During the battle, Bismarck was hit in a fuel tank, causing a leak and forcing a reduction in speed (Map). Bismarck fires on HMS Prince of Wales during the Battle of the Denmark Strait. Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1984-055-13 Sink the Bismarck! Unable to continue with his mission, Là ¼tjens ordered Prinz Eugen to continue on while he turned the leaking Bismarck toward France. On the night of May 24, aircraft from the carrier HMS Victorious attacked with little effect. Two days later aircraft from HMS Ark Royal scored a hit, jamming Bismarcks rudder. Unable to maneuver, the ship was forced to steam in a slow circle while awaiting the arrival of the British battleships HMS King George V and HMS Rodney. They were sighted the following morning and Bismarcks final battle commenced. Bismarck burning in the distance as HMS Rodney (right) fires, May 27, 1941. Public Domain Assisted by the heavy cruisers HMS Dorsetshire and Norfolk, the two British battleships pummeled the stricken Bismarck, knocking its guns out of action and killing most of the senior officers on board. After 30 minutes, the cruisers attacked with torpedoes. Unable to resist further, Bismarcks crew scuttled the ship to prevent its capture. British ships raced in to pick up the survivors and rescued 110 before a U-boat alarm forced them to leave the area. Close to 2,000 German sailors were lost.

Growth and Maturity in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by...

Growth and Maturity in Huck Finn The theme of growth and maturity is portrayed heavily throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain which centers on Huck Finn, a rambunctious boy whose adventures with a runaway slave build him into a mature young man. The novel is a bildungsroman because it depicts the development and maturing of a young protagonist. In the first part of the story, Huck is seen as very immature. He struggles between doing what he wants and what society would have him do. On the raft, Huck realizes what his own beliefs are because of the people he meets in his journey. Huck?s biggest transformation is through his relationship with Jim. Although Huck isn?t a wonderful person, by the end of the book he†¦show more content†¦During his journey with Jim, Huck begins to understand his own beliefs better. He comes across many people who test those beliefs and he grows internally because of it. When Huck and Jim discover The Walter Scott, a wre cked steam boat, Huck decides to go on and have an adventure. He discovers two robbers threatening to kill a third. As he?s leaving, Huck feels genuinely sorry for these robbers who are stranded on the wreck. The fact that he is able to feel badly for these terrible people shows that he is maturing. After he comes on land, Huck meets the Sheperdsons who show him the nature of human violence through their feud with the Grangerford family. Huck matures through witnessing the feud and also begins to comprehend the hypocrisy of religion: The men took their guns along, so did Buck, and kept them between their knees or stood them handy against the wall. The Sheperdsons done the same. It was pretty ornery preaching?all about brotherly love, and such-like tiresomeness, but everybody said it was a good sermon? (111) Huck shows his growth through his ability to understand that their religious beliefs are in conflict with their own actions. Huck learns even more about his own morals during his encounter with the King and the Duke. The King and the Duke lie about being the Wilks brothers in order to get money. For Huck, they cross the line when they lie to Mary Jane. Huck watches them cry forShow MoreRelatedShould The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Be Banned?1984 Words   |  8 PagesShould The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be banned? Since the early ages of literature, there have been works of literature that have been considered controversial because of the content, as some believe they are offensive or inappropriate. Works such as Martin Luther s 95 Theses and The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger are just two works of literature that have sparked major controversy. One of the most controversial works of American literature is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn writtenRead MoreThe Ethical Maturity Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain844 Words   |  4 Pages Mark Twain s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† is a novel about a young boy’s coming of age in Missouri during the mid-1800, is pre-Civil War era. The protagonist, Huckleberry Finn, spends much time in the novel floating down the Mississippi River on a raft with a runaway slave named Jim. On the way to Huck and Jim’s destiny, the two go through many adventures encountering many situations as well as very odd people along the way. 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In this bookRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Research Paper1649 Words   |  7 PagesSince its first publication in 1884, Mark Twain’s masterpiece The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has proven to be one of history’s most controversial novels; especially recently, the novel has often been banned by schools and censored by libraries. Characters in the book are constantly using disparaging language toward slaves, and the repeated use of the word â€Å"nigger† makes many sensitive and offended. Critics denounce the novel and Mark Twain as racist for this word being insulting and politicallyRead MoreMark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and the Theme of Nature1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain has many different, inte rtwining themes. The book spotlights the personal growth and development of the protagonist, Huckleberry Finn, through the theme of nature. The importance of nature is shown in several ways like the symbolism of the Mississippi River, through the forest and Huck’s time spent living there, and by the argument of human nature versus civilization. While there are many different themes throughout the novel The Adventures of HuckleberryRead MoreVenturing Freedom with Mark Twain1587 Words   |  6 PagesVenturing Freedom Mark Twain, notable for his works in the late 19th century, grew up in Hannibal, Missouri, and worked as a riverboat pilot along the Mississippi River. Missouri was a slave state; it was there that Twain became familiar with the institution of slavery, as well as the ideas and practices of racism and inequality that dominated American life during that period. Although freedom was the basis of America’s foundation, the novel is written during a time that freedom is often in questionRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1164 Words   |  5 Pages2016 Research Paper In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain writes about the events in Huckleberry Finn’s life and the people around him. Huckleberry Finn tells the tale of life in the nineteenth century through the eyes of a 14-year-old boy struggling to find his place in this society. Throughout the story Huck deals with several moral issues; such as slavery, his distrust of society, and social order. In this essay I will discuss moral issues that Huck Finn faces in the story. The storyRead MoreAdventures of Huckleberry Finn- Analysis1012 Words   |  5 Pagescan be made untainted by society. Mark Twain once said Dont let school get in the way of your education. Twain states that this education which is provided by society, can actually hinder human growth and maturity. Although a formal education shouldnt be completely shunned, perhaps true life experience, in society and nature, are a key part of development. In the novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain throws the curious yet innocent mind of Huck Finn out into a very hypocritical, judgmental

History of Lauropian Society Free Essays

Secluded in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is a place called Lauropia, a wonderful society. It is always peaceful and nothing bad ever happens on the island. The island’s air is always fresh and free of any toxins or pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Lauropian Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Temperature on the South side of Lauropia is always warm with no humidity present. On the North side of Lauropia the weather is always perfect for winter activities, the temperature is just cold enough for the snow to fall. The North side of the island is full of steep, snow-covered mountains that are perfect for skiing. On the South side of the Lauropia clean, sandy beaches cover the land. The ocean water is crystal clear and warm. Lauropia is the perfect place to live. On the island every person would be treated as an equal. No one person would think or act like they were better than someone else. There would be no racism present, all types of people would reside here and get along together. It wouldn’t matter if you were African American, Caucasian, Asian, Spanish, Mexican or any other race each and every individual would treat each other the same. Whether a person was heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual wouldn’t matter. Lauropians wouldn’t judge each other by their appearance or whom they interacted with. There would be a diverse amount of different religions that would not criticize the other religions for their beliefs. Once a month all the different religions would get together at the island community building and congregate together to discuss their viewpoints and thoughts on each faith. The Lauropians would be involved in a wide variety of sports and leisure activities all year long. This would be made possible because of the extreme temperature differences on the North and South sides of the mountain. The North side would always be cold so the citizen could go skiing and snowboarding at the Lauropian Mountain Resort. The resort would offer a wide variety of different leveled slopes for the skiers on one half of the mountain. On the other half of the mountain there would be a Snowboard Park consisting of a slopes and half pipes strictly for the snowboarders. A snow tubing park would also be available for any whom has interest in snow tubing. There would family tubes and single tubes available for use. For all the snow mobilers on Lauropia, The Lauropian Mobile Park will be open for their riding enjoyment. All these activities and more on North Lauropia will have minimal charges to take advantage of the facilities. On the warm and sunny South Lauropia, the beaches will be clean and free of charge for all citizens. The beaches would have volleyball courts open to anyone. At the piers there would be docks where people could rent Jet Ski’s, Speed Boats, Yachts, and Party Boats for their recreational pleasure. Sidewalks and paths would be on hand for Lauropians to roller blade, skateboard, ride bikes, and run, jog, or walk. Boating trips would also be available that take groups out in the middle of the ocean to scuba dive and snorkel. Throughout the whole island shopping centers, eateries, and sports complexes of all types will be accessible. Any store imaginable would exist for the Lauropians to shop for their wants and needs. The women would be in shopping heaven with the amount and variety of stores available to them. The amounts of places to eat would be incredible. They would range from places like Burger King and McDonalds, to Chi Chi’s and Lone Star, to five star restaurants. Any type of food that a person had a craving for would be accessible. Sports Complexes would be placed all over the island for Lauropians to participate in any athletic event that they enjoyed. There would be football, baseball, field hockey, softball, soccer, and lacrosse fields. Indoor and outdoor courts for tennis players would be accessible. If there were any sports that a person or group of people would want to play and the facilities were not available the Lauropian Sports Board would do their best to make them available. The Lauropian Society would always try to make the island enjoyable for each person. Schooling would be one of the most important aspects of life on the island. It will be required for all citizens to start their education at elementary school level and continue up to collegiate level. It would not be required, but if the parents wanted to start sending their children to nursery or preschool the facilities would be open for use free of charge. All schooling on the island would be free of charge because education is of great importance to the people of Lauropia. The schools would administer the best education possible. There would be a large variety colleges available for students to choose from depending on their individual or dual major. If a person decided that they did not want to finish their schooling, being banished from the island would punish them. When and if the person decides they want to come back to island to finish their education the school board will have a meeting and decide if that certain person deserves to be let back on the island. On most occasions the student will be allowed to come back. Once a person graduates from college and gets a job, if they decide they want to go back to college to further their education, the company that they work for will usually give them funding for it. Students will be required to go to school for nine months out of the year. Altogether students would be required to attend seventeen years of schooling. In order to insure that the students would be getting an excellent education the teachers would have to take a Teaching Exam every five years. If the teachers fail to complete the requirements and the written section of the test they will not be permitted to teach for one year. After the period of time is up the teacher may retake the test and if he or she passes it, they will then be allowed to teach again. Teachers would also be required to go back to college annually and take two courses to broaden their knowledge. All measures would be taken that would be necessary to maintain the finest quality of education for Lauropians. The citizens of Lauropia would be able to make up their own laws and rules. Each year the members the government would sit down and revise the laws from the years before if necessary. Each community on Lauropia would have representatives that would go around and take ideas and thoughts on how the island could be changed and run to make it better place to live. Laws would never be passed if a large number of people on the island disagreed with them. The main concern that the government would have is the Lauropians happiness. How to cite History of Lauropian Society, Papers

Cultural Explanations of Electoral Reform †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1. Why is a policy cycle an appropriate tool for developing a new policy? 2. How is a health policy different from a government policy document? 3. How does the new public health differ from the old public health approach? 4. What are key sociological issues and how do they determine a persons state of health? 5. If you were to create a new policy to develop a smoke-free environment for the university what are at least four factors you would include and why? Answers: 1. A policy cycle is a tool that is used to assess the process of coming up with a policy. It influences how policy developers view the process of policy development. The policy cycle was created using Harold Lasswells theory of policy, and a lot of people use it to make it easier to develop a policy. Using the policy cycle approach gives a simple way in which policy developers can imagine the process of policy development and implementation. A policy cycle is a suitable means to be used while creating a new policy for various reasons (Althaus, Bridgman, Davis, 2013). Some of these reasons include; first, it makes it easier for policy developers to develop policies. As the steps are spelled out, everyone will know what follows and when they are given different roles, they will know what is expected of them. Also, the policy cycle can be used to create a timeline for policy development. As the policy cycle shows the steps that should be taken, the team can estimate what time each lev el can take. Thus through this estimation, the team will know when they expect to finish the process and how much time each member has to dedicate to the completion of the process (Young, 2013). With a policy cycle, it will be easier to delineate a policy and evaluate its effectiveness all through its development step by step. Thus by doing this, the team can assess the efficacy of the policy, and if it is not satisfactory, they can correct it. It will be easy to adjust this as the development is divided into steps and the problem can be backtracked, and a solution found faster. Also, each level can be evaluated, and issues related to each level found. Once these are recognized, the team can come up with strategies to tackle these problems in each stage (Norris, 2011). 2. Health policy is a set of actions, decisions, and plans that are done so that a particular set of health goals in a community are achieved. They can be developed by both governmentaland nongovernmental agencies and are designed to promote a specific set of health objectives. A government policy document is a record which gives details of the set of government policies and the policies commitments regarding what needs to be done to implement them where necessary. It outlines the step that government officials take so that they can easily apply these government policies (Buse, Mays, Walt, 2012). These two are different in several ways; first is that a health policy focuses on goals to be achieved regarding the health of a community, it outlines what is expected from different groups regarding health. On the other hand, a government policy document focuses on general policies that affect a country not just on the issue. It covers a wide range of topics that a government needs to set policies on. Next is that health policy is a set of health objectives that need to be achieved on issues that affect health. Therefore, it sets out what policies need to be done so that the health issues can be resolved. However, a government policy document sets out how a set of policies should be implemented. It gives how it should be completed and might provide a timeline for all of this to be done. Another difference is that health policy is set by individuals, physicians, and pharmaceutical organization so that they can solve issues in the health sector while a government policy document is compiled by individuals in the government as a framework to implement different government policies to deal with the various issues in a country (Freeman, Maybin, 2011). 3. The new public health approach is when there is the implementation of measures that are technological, evidence-based and management systems, with the aim of improving the health of individuals and the population. Its goals are mainly focused on the practical and political use of lessons learned from previous successes and failures in the control of illnesses. It also uses these lessons to come up with a preventive measure against the current, changing and recurring health risks (Tulchinsky, Varavikova, 2014). On the other hand, the old health approach is a model which comprehensively addresses both social and health issues. It puts into consideration factors such as humans, the cause of the harm and the environment. It also recognizes the causes of health problems and gives suggestions on how to tackle these issues. These two approaches differ in various ways, first is that the new public health focuses on bettering the health of both the individual in care and also the whole po pulation it also deals with individual diseases as they occur. However, the old public health approach is aimed at giving situations in which everyone in the population can be healthy and does not focus on one individual. It also deals with a collection of diseases at once so that it can ensure the whole system is healthy (Gostin, Wiley, 2016). Another difference is that the new public health uses lessons from previous success and failures the health sector has a head when dealing with diseases, these are used to come up with preventative measures against them. However, the old public health approach examines factors like the environment and the causative agent when dealing with health issues and disease outbreaks. Finally, the new public health focuses on coming up with intervention against diseases so that it can prevent recurrence or the spread of it while the old public health approach focuses on treating diseases and outbreaks as they occur (Burris, Wagenaar, Swanson, Ibrahim, Wood, Mello, 2010). 4. A sociological issue is a problem that affects a significant number of people in a community. This issue usually the aftermath of factors that are outside a persons influence and control. It often causes conflicting views by what is understood as being morally upright by people or the society. Some of the critical sociological issues include; the availability of resources that will enable individuals to meet their daily needs like healthy food, jobs, educational opportunities and also living wages. Another issue is the access to options for transportation, quality schooling, and public safety. Then there is the fact that people are exposed to a social disorder like crime and violence and the presence of trash where they live (World Health Organization, 2010). These issues can be a determinant of the state of an individuals state of health in the following ways. One if an individual does not have access to resources like job opportunities they cannot afford to access health facilit ies when they fall sick hence the state of their health will worsen, but if they can access these resources, however, they will be given the best health care they can afford. The next one is that when an individual does not have access to quality education, they will not be knowledgeable of what habits are risky for your health on the other hand if they are educated they will know what habits to avoid so that they can be healthy. Another way is if people are exposed to activities such as crimes and violence and social disorder which increases the risk people being hurt or being exposed to communicable diseases. This will negatively affect the state of health of an individual. Finally, when people do not have access to transportation options, they will not be able to go to hospitals when they are sick to seek help (Cockerham, 2014). 5. When creating a new policy as a way to create a smoke-free environment in the university, I would consider several factors to help me. Some of these factors include; first I would ensure that I have the support of the university management, I would do this by keeping them informed all the way through the formulation of the policy. When the administration is told, they can give the support necessary to ensure that the policy creation and implementation are successful. Next, I would ensure that there is a provision to provide training and education about the policy. By giving this stipulation, I would ensure that everyone at the university is informed about the policy so that they do not go against it or make assumptions about it (Ritchie, Amos, Martin, 2010). Also, I would ensure to involve individuals at the university in process. When people feel involved they will readily accept new changes hence it will make implementation of the changes easier. The people can also make sugges tions to the process so that it can make it better for all parties involved. Next, it should be information on the risks associated with tobacco use. Thus when people are informed about this and the danger of second-hand smoke to others, they will quickly follow the policies set. Another factor is that the policy should provide for resources for those individuals who are considering quitting tobacco use or managing their cravings. Hence, students and staff will have solutions instead of making excuses for why they cannot respect the policies to make the university smoke free (Lee, Goldstein, Kramer, Steiner, Ezzell, Shah, 2010) References Althaus, C., Bridgman, P., Davis, G. (2013).The Australian policy handbook. Allen Unwin. Burris, S., Wagenaar, A. C., Swanson, J., Ibrahim, J. K., Wood, J., Mello, M. M. (2010). Making the case for laws that improve health: a framework for public health law research.The milbank quarterly,88(2). Buse, K., Mays, N., Walt, G. (2012).Making health policy. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Cockerham, W. C. (2014).Medical sociology. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Freeman, R., Maybin, J. (2011). Documents, practices and policy.Evidence Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice,7(2). Gostin, L. O., Wiley, L. F. (2016).Public health law: power, duty, restraint. Univ of California Press. Lee, J. G., Goldstein, A. O., Kramer, K. D., Steiner, J., Ezzell, M. M., Shah, V. (2010). Statewide diffusion of 100% tobacco-free college and university policies.Tobacco control,19(4). Norris, P. (2011). Cultural explanations of electoral reform: A policy cycle model.West European Politics,34(3). Ritchie, D., Amos, A., Martin, C. (2010). But it just has that sort of feel about it, a leperStigma, smoke-free legislation and public health.Nicotine Tobacco Research,12(6). Tulchinsky, T. H., Varavikova, E. A. (2014).The new public health. Academic Press. World Health Organization. (2010). A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Young, K. (2013). Financial industry groups' adaptation to the post?crisis regulatory environment: Changing approaches to the policy cycle.Regulation Governance,7(4).